A US C-46 aircraft of the 5th Air Force is conducting an aerial evacuation of wounded American troops from Manila, the capital of the Philippines, shortly after US forces retook the city after intense fighting with the Japanese.
Thirty Medical Air Evacuation Transport Squadrons served in World War II in every combat theater. In all, 1,172,000 patients were transported by air. About half were ambulatory patients (the “walking wounded”) and half were litter patients. Only 46 patients died in flight, although several hundred did perish in crashes. By 1944, 18 percent of all Army casualties were evacuated by air.
The Douglas C-47 Skytrain was the workhorse of air evacuation. A C-47 carried 18-24 patients, depending on how many were on litters.
For transoceanic flights, the four-engine Douglas C-54 Skymaster was used. These flights carried patients from the combat theater stateside when the patient required 90-180 days of recovery or was eligible for medical discharge.
The Curtiss C-46 Commando was used less frequently. Although it could carry 33 patients, the cargo door made loading difficult, and the plane had an unsavory habit of exploding when the cabin heater was used.
Manila was officially liberated, albeit completely destroyed with large areas levelled by American bombing. The battle left 1,010 U.S. soldiers dead and 5,565 wounded. An estimated 100,000 to 240,000 Filipinos civilians were killed, both deliberately by the Japanese in the Manila massacre and from artillery and aerial bombardment by U.S. and Japanese forces.
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