USS
Boxer (CV 21) was a helluva ship during the Korean War. She was rode hard and put up wet..
Vought F4U Corsairs from Air Group 101 depart from
Boxer for a mission in Korea, 1951. One of these ("416") survived the war and is airworthy as of 2016.
[14]
from wiki...With the outbreak of the Korean War, the U.S. forces in the Far East had an urgent need for supplies and aircraft. The only aircraft carriers near Korea were
USS Valley Forge and
HMS Triumph.
[15] Boxer was ordered into service to ferry aircraft from California to the fighting on the
Korean Peninsula. She made a record-breaking crossing of the Pacific Ocean,
[16] leaving
Alameda, California on 14 July 1950 and arriving at
Yokosuka, Japan on 23 July, a trip of 8 days and 7 hours. She carried one hundred forty-five
North American P-51 Mustangs and six
Stinson L-5 Sentinels of the
United States Air Force destined for the
Far East Air Force as well as 19 Navy aircraft, 1,012 Air Force support personnel, and 2,000 tonnes (2,000 long tons; 2,200 short tons) of supplies for the United Nations troops fighting the
North Korean invasion of South Korea, including crucially needed spare parts and ordnance.
[12] Much of this equipment had been taken from
Air National Guard units in the United States because of a general shortage of materiel.
[17] She began her return trip from Yokosuka on 27 July and arrived back in California on 4 August, for a trip of 7 days, 10 hours and 36 minutes, again breaking the record for a trans-Pacific cruise.
[12] She carried no jet aircraft, though, because they were deemed too fuel inefficient for the initial defense mission in Korea.
[18] By the time
Boxer arrived in Korea, the UN forces had established superiority in the air and sea.
[19]
After rapid repairs in California,
Boxer embarked
Carrier Air Group 2, flying the
Vought F4U Corsair propeller driven fighter-bomber, and departed again for Korea on 24 August, this time in a combat role.
[20] She had 110 aircraft aboard, intended to complement the hundreds of aircraft already operating in Korea.
[21] En route to the peninsula, the carrier narrowly avoided
Typhoon Kezia which slowed her trip.
[13] She was the fourth aircraft carrier to arrive in Korea to participate in the war, after
Triumph and
Valley Forge had arrived in June and
USS Philippine Sea followed in early August.
[22] She arrived too late to participate in the
Battle of Pusan Perimeter, but instead she was ordered to join a flotilla of 230 US ships which would participate in
Operation Chromite,
[23] the UN counterattack at
Inchon. On 15 September, she supported the landings by sending her aircraft in a
close air support role, blocking North Korean reinforcements and communication to prevent them from countering the attack.
[20][24] However, early in the operation, her propulsion system was damaged when a
reduction gear in the ship's engine broke, a casualty of her overdue maintenance. The ship's engineers worked around the problem to keep the carrier in operation, but she was limited to 26 knots.
[13][25]
She continued this role as the UN troops
recaptured Seoul days later.
Boxer continued this support as UN troops advanced north and into North Korea, but departed for the United States on 11 November for refit and overhaul.
[20] US military commanders believed the war in Korea was over, and had ordered a number of other carriers out of the area
[26] and were subsequently under-prepared at the beginning of the
Chosin Reservoir Campaign when the Chinese
People's Liberation Army entered the war against the UN.
[20] Battlefield commanders requested
Boxer return to Korea as soon as possible,
[27] but she did not immediately return as commanders feared it might reduce the Navy's ability to respond if another conflict or emergency broke out elsewhere.
[26]
Boxer's propulsion problems required extensive repair so she returned to San Diego to conduct them.
[28] Upon arrival, she offloaded Air Group 2, which then embarked for Korea again aboard
Valley Forge.
[29] After a repair and refit in California,
Boxer was prepared for a second tour in Korea. She embarked
Carrier Air Group 101. The group was composed of Navy Reserve squadrons from
Dallas, Texas,
Glenview, Illinois,
Memphis, Tennessee and
Olathe, Kansas, and most of its pilots were reservists who had been called to
active duty. She rejoined Task Force 77, and began operations in Korea on 29 March 1951, and her squadrons were the first Naval Reserve pilots to launch strikes in Korea. Most of these missions were
airstrikes against Chinese ground forces along the
38th parallel, and this duty lasted until 24 October 1951.
[30] During this time, the carrier operated around "Point Oboe", an area 125 miles (201 km) off the coast of
Wonsan. They would withdraw another 50 miles (80 km) east when they needed replenishment or refueling.
[31] A large destroyer screen protected the carriers, though
MiG-15 attacks against them did not occur.
[32]
After another period of rest and refits,
Boxer departed California 8 February 1952 for her third tour in Korea, with Carrier Air Group 2 embarked, consisting of F9F in VF-24, F4U in VF 63 and VF-64, and AD in VF-65.
[33] Rejoining Task Force 77, her missions during this tour consisted primarily of
strategic bombing against targets in North Korea, as the front lines in the war had largely solidified along the 38th Parallel. On 23 and 24 June, her planes conducted
strikes against the Sui-ho hydro-electric complex in conjunction with
Princeton,
Bon Homme Richard and
Philippine Sea.
[34]
On 5 August 1952, a fire broke out on the hangar deck of
Boxer at 05:30 when a fuel tank of an aircraft caught fire while the ship was conducting combat operations in the
Sea of Japan. The fire raged on the carrier's hangar deck for 4–5 hours before being extinguished. The final total of casualties was 8 dead, 1 missing, 1 critically injured, 1 seriously burned and some 70 overcome by smoke. Of the 63 who had gone over the side, all were rescued and returned to the ship. Eighteen aircraft, mostly
Grumman F9F-2 Panthers, were damaged or destroyed. She steamed for Yokosuka for emergency repairs from 11 to 23 August.
[30] She returned to the Korean theatre, and from 28 August to 2 September she tested a new weapons system, with six radio guided
Grumman F6F Hellcats loaded with 1,000-pound (450 kg) bombs guided to targets, resulting in two hits and one near miss. They are considered to be the first
guided missiles to be launched from a carrier in combat. On 1 September her aircraft also took part in a large bombing mission of an oil refinery near Aoji, on the
Manchurian border.
[35] She returned to San Francisco for more extensive repairs on 25 September. In October 1952, she was re-designated CVA-21, denoting an "attack aircraft carrier."
[30]
Following extensive repairs, she steamed for Korea again on 30 March 1953, and resumed operations a month later with her Corsairs embarked.
[30] Her missions around this time were generally strategic bombing missions, however the effectiveness of these final missions were mixed, with some failing to achieve strategic results.
[36] She also provided close air support for UN troops for the final weeks of the war before an armistice was reached at
Panmunjom in July 1953, ending major combat operations in Korea. During this time, the two sides often conducted costly attacks in order to strengthen their bargaining positions at the negotiating table.
Boxer remained in Korean waters until November 1953.
[37] She received eight
battle stars for her service in Korea.