John Garand and the M1 Garand rifle
In the colorized photograph, Québecois John Garand (born Jean Cantius) and the legendary rifle of his creation, the M1 Garand. John Cantius Garand, (1888-1974), was a Canadian-born American firearms engineer, inventor of the M1 semi-automatic rifle, with which American infantrymen fought in World War II and the Korean War. The M1 Garand was the United States Army's first service-issue semi-automatic rifle, gradually replacing the bolt-action Springfield M1903.
In 1898, Garand's family moved to Connecticut, where he learned the trade as a machinist in textile mills. As a young man he worked in precision tool factories in Providence, Rhode Island, and New York City. During World War I, he designed a lightweight, fully automatic rifle, which was rejected by the US Army, but earned Garand a position in 1918 and 1919 as a weapons designer with the National Bureau of Standards, where he then transferred to the Springfield Armory, located in Massachusetts, where he went to work designing the replacement Springfield bolt-action rifle. For this, already in 1920 he had achieved US citizenship.
After many years of working under military specifications, Garand achieved a gas-operated rifle, .30 caliber, 109 cm long and weighing 4.3 kg. This rifle feeds from an eight bullet clip. When the last cartridge is fired, the rifle ejects the clip and locks the bolt in the open position. The combs can also be manually removed at any time by pulling the bolt handle rearward and then depressing the comb retention button. Approximately 6 million units of the M1 were manufactured. Adopted in 1936, the M1 became the flagship weapon of the US armies. These weapons gave American troops such an advantage in firepower that General George S. Patton called the M1 "the greatest battle implement ever devised."
Almost 5.5 million were produced in the United States and Italy (by Breda and Beretta under NATO license), of which 4 million between 1936 and 1945. Production ceased in 1957 and was replaced by the M14. As for John Garand signing all the patents for his invention with the US government, he continued to work on other experimental rifles until he retired in 1953.