Italy:
Battleship
Conte di Cavour before World War II. Probably at an Italian port, dock and crane to left.
An IMAM Ro.43 seaplane on its catapult, on the bow of a Zara-class heavy cruiser, 1940
Destroyer
Ugolino Vivaldi in flames near Pantelleria, after an engagement with Force X, early afternoon of 15 June 1942
Sent together with her sister ship
Lanzerotto Malocello to strike at the merchantmen, being unable to match the high speed of the other ships of the Italian squadron, the
Vivaldi engaged with her guns and with torpedoes (that may have struck and sunk a ship of the convoy) the
Hunt-class escort destroyers and eventually HMS
Marne and
Matchless.
At 0607H the Italian destroyer was struck by a 4.7-inch (120 mm) shell fired by the
Matchless, that caused severe damage, and caused a large fire. Forced to come to an almost complete stop, and with a lot of enemy ships firing at her to finish her off (from as close as 4'500 m), while the
Malocello sailed around her laying a smokescreen, half an hour later the captain (Ignazio Castrogiovanni) sent a message to Admiral Da Zara: "
I shall fight to the end! Long live the King!"
However, that part of the confusing engagement passed, with the Italian ship still afloat and not in sinking condition. At 0646H, restoring power to part of the machinery, it laboriously began to make her way towards the nearby island of Pantelleria; however, the fire was still going strong. Even with the other Italian destroyers coming to help, at 0757H an explosion in the middle ammo magazine shook the ship, that survived only because it had been long flooded. By 0830H all the fire extinguisher had been exhausted, with others being brought onboard by a MAS (four had sailed from Pantelleria to help out as well).
During repeated attempts from the destroyer
Premuda to take the crippled ship under tow, the Italian formation had to shrug off repeated attacks by Allied aircrafts, that however failed (a torpedo attack missed, despite the
Vivaldi being a rather easy target); finally, at 1015H the cable was ready. By 1400H the burning destroyer finally reached Pantelleria, and two hours later local firefighters came and began to reduce the fire; it would not be completely extinguished until 2200H, at which point the destroyer was finally safe.
During the engagement, the stubborn
Vivaldi had paid a price of ten KIA, nine WIA and several other crewmen more or less burned. It was rewarded by becoming one of only two destroyers during the war being decorated with the
Medaglia d'Argento al Valor Militare (Silver Medal for Military Valour), other than several decorations for her officers and crew.