RN & Germany:
Damaged aircraft carrier HMS Glorious (somewhere in the background) is hidden behind the smokescreen planted by destroyer HMS Ardent, as seen from the German battleship Scharnhorst. 08 June 1940,
The commanding officer of
Glorious,
Captain Guy D'Oyly-Hughes, was a former submariner who had been
executive officer of
Courageous for 10 months. He was granted permission to proceed independently to Scapa Flow in the early hours of 8 June to hold a
court-martial of his Commander (Air), J. B. Heath, who had refused an order to carry out an attack on shore targets on the grounds that the targets were at best ill-defined and his aircraft were unsuited to the task, and who had been left behind in Scapa to await trial. On the way through the
Norwegian Sea the funnel smoke from
Glorious and her two escorting destroyers,
Acasta and
Ardent, was spotted by the German battleships
Scharnhorst and
Gneisenau (part of
Operation Juno) at about 15:46 pm. The British spotted the German ships shortly after 16:00 and
Ardent was dispatched to investigate.
Glorious did not alter course or increase speed. Five Swordfish were ordered to the flight deck and
Action Stations were ordered 16:20. No
combat air patrol was being flown, no aircraft were ready on the deck for quick take-off and there was no lookout in
Glorious's
crow's nest.
Scharnhorst opened fire on
Ardent at 16:27 at a range of 16,000 yards (15,000 m), causing the destroyer to withdraw, firing
torpedoes and making a smoke screen.
Ardent scored one hit with her 4.7-inch guns on
Scharnhorst but was hit several times by the German ships' secondary armament and sank at 17:25.
Scharnhorst firing on
Glorious, 8 June 1940
Scharnhorst switched her fire to
Glorious at 16:32 and scored her first hit six minutes later on her third
salvo, at a range of 26,000 yards (24,000 m), when one 28.3-centimetre (11.1 in) hit the forward flight deck and burst in the upper hangar, starting a large fire. This hit destroyed two Swordfish being prepared for flight and the hole in the flight deck prevented any other aircraft from taking off. Splinters penetrated a boiler casing and caused a temporary drop in steam pressure. At 16:58 a second shell hit the homing beacon above the bridge and killed or wounded the captain and most of the personnel stationed there.
Ardent's smokescreen became effective enough to impair the visibility of the Germans from about 16:58 to 17:20 so they ceased fire on
Glorious.
Glorious was hit again in the centre engine room at 17:20 and this caused her to lose speed and commence a slow circle to port. She also developed a
list to starboard. The German ships closed to within 16,000 yards and continued to fire at her until 17:40.
Glorious sank at 18:10, approximately at
68°38′N 03°50′ECoordinates:
68°38′N 03°50′E, with 43 survivors.
As the German ships approached
Glorious,
Acasta, which had been trying to maintain the smokescreen, broke through her own smoke and fired two volleys of torpedoes at
Scharnhorst. One of these hit the battleship at 17:34 abreast her rear turret and badly damaged her.
Acasta also managed one hit from her 4.7-inch guns on
Scharnhorst, but was riddled by German gunfire and sank at around 18:20.
Survivors estimated that about 900 men abandoned
Glorious. The German ships had suffered extensive damage themselves, and unaware that Allied ships were not in contact with
Glorious beat a hasty retreat, and did not try to pick up survivors. The Royal Navy meanwhile, knew nothing of the sinking until it was announced on German radio. The Norwegian ship
Borgund, on passage to the
Faroe Islands, arrived late on 10 June and picked up survivors, eventually delivering 37 alive to
Thorshavn of whom two later died. Another Norwegian ship,
Svalbard II, also making for the Faeroes, picked up five survivors but was sighted by a German aircraft and forced to return to Norway, where the four still alive became prisoners of war for the next five years. It is also believed that one more survivor from
Glorious was rescued by a German seaplane. Therefore, the total of survivors was 40, including one each from
Acasta and
Ardent. The total killed or missing was 1,207 from
Glorious, 160 from
Acasta and 152 from
Ardent, a total of 1,519.
The sinkings and the failure to mount an effective rescue were embarrassing for the Royal Navy. All ships encountering enemies had been ordered to broadcast a sighting report, and the lack of such a report from
Glorious was questioned in the
House of Commons. It emerged that the
heavy cruiser Devonshire had passed within 30–50 miles (48–80 km) of the battle, flying the flag of
Vice-Admiral John Cunningham, who was carrying out orders to evacuate the
Norwegian Royal Family to the UK and maintain radio silence. Some survivors from
Glorious and
Devonshire testified that a sighting report had been correctly sent, and received by
Devonshire, but that it had been suppressed by Cunningham, who departed at high speed in accordance with his orders. It was also alleged that there was confusion over the use of
wireless telegraphy frequencies on board
Glorious which could have contributed to the failure of any other ship or shore-station to receive a sighting report. The absence of normal airborne patrols over
Glorious and its destroyers, in conditions of maximum visibility, were named as contributors to the sinkings.