RN:
HMS Bulwark in 1912, one of five London-class pre-dreadnought battleships
A powerful internal explosion ripped
Bulwark apart at about 07:53 on 26 November while she was moored at Number 17
buoy in
Kethole Reach, 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) west of Sheerness in the estuary of the
River Medway. All the ship's officers were killed in the explosion and only a dozen ratings survived. A total of 741 men were lost, including members of the band of the gunnery school,
HMS Excellent, which was playing aboard. Only about 30 bodies were recovered after the explosion.
A naval court of enquiry into the causes of the explosion that was held on 28 November ruled out external explosions such as a torpedo or a
mine because eyewitnesses spoke of a flash of flame near the aft turret and then one or two explosions quickly following, not the towering column of water associated with explosions against the outer hull. The gunnery
logbook, recovered partially intact, and the testimony of the chief gunner's clerk, as well as several other survivors, said the six-inch ammunition magazines were being restowed to keep the cordite
propellant charges together in lots that morning. This meant at least 30 exposed charges had been left in the cross-passages between the ship's
magazines with the magazine doors left open when the ship's company was called to breakfast at 07:45. These passages were also used to stow hundreds of six-inch and twelve-pounder shells, and the board concluded that the cordite charges had been stowed against one of the boiler-room bulkheads which was increasing in temperature as the boilers were fired up. This ignited the cordite charges which detonated the nearby shells and spread to the aft twelve-inch magazine, which exploded