Photos Navies Of All Nations
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USN:
Midway-class aircraft carriers USS Coral Sea (CV-43), left, USS Midway (CV-41), center, and the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier USS Enterprise (CVN-65), right, underway during CINCPAC Exercise FLEETEX '83.
The band of aircraft carrier USS Enterprise (CVN 65) stands in position on an elevator as the Virginia-class nuclear-powered guided missile cruiser USS Arkansas (CGN 41) passes astern, April 1986
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Midway-class aircraft carriers USS Coral Sea (CV-43), left, USS Midway (CV-41), center, and the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier USS Enterprise (CVN-65), right, underway during CINCPAC Exercise FLEETEX '83.
The band of aircraft carrier USS Enterprise (CVN 65) stands in position on an elevator as the Virginia-class nuclear-powered guided missile cruiser USS Arkansas (CGN 41) passes astern, April 1986
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RN:
Launching of the Cressy-class armoured cruiser HMS Hogue, 13-August-1900. She was sunk on 22 September 1914 by U-9 along with HMS Aboukir & HMS Cressy off Ostend Belgium.
Lord Clive-class monitor HMS General Wolfe in 1917
Launching of the Cressy-class armoured cruiser HMS Hogue, 13-August-1900. She was sunk on 22 September 1914 by U-9 along with HMS Aboukir & HMS Cressy off Ostend Belgium.
Lord Clive-class monitor HMS General Wolfe in 1917
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USN:
Flight I Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Ramage (DDG 61) returns to its homeport at Naval Station Norfolk after a 7-month deployment to the U.S. Naval Forces Europe area of operations, Dec. 03, 2023.
Flight I Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Ramage (DDG 61) returns to its homeport at Naval Station Norfolk after a 7-month deployment to the U.S. Naval Forces Europe area of operations, Dec. 03, 2023.
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RN & USN:
HMS King George V is in the center, closest to the camera. Other ships visible in the background, include, from left to right: Two Idaho class battleships; USS San Juan (CL-54); USS Missouri (BB-63); USS Pasadena (CL-65); USS South Dakota (BB-57); a Fletcher class destroyer underway; USS Iowa (BB-61) and HMS Duke of York. Sagami Wan, Japan. 27-29 August 1945
HMS King George V is in the center, closest to the camera. Other ships visible in the background, include, from left to right: Two Idaho class battleships; USS San Juan (CL-54); USS Missouri (BB-63); USS Pasadena (CL-65); USS South Dakota (BB-57); a Fletcher class destroyer underway; USS Iowa (BB-61) and HMS Duke of York. Sagami Wan, Japan. 27-29 August 1945
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Italy
F582 "Gunner" Squadron patrol vessel initially built, together with three other units, for Iraq, but due to the embargo, due first to the Iran-Iraq war and then to the first Gulf War, it was never delivered to the Iraqis and which after having been subjected to a series of works to adapt to NATO standards, entered service in the Italian Navy in 1994 and was classified as a team patrol vessel.
Displacement 2500 t. length 113.5 width 11.9 speed 35 knots, crew 170 men.
His motto: Primi Velitus
F582 "Gunner" Squadron patrol vessel initially built, together with three other units, for Iraq, but due to the embargo, due first to the Iran-Iraq war and then to the first Gulf War, it was never delivered to the Iraqis and which after having been subjected to a series of works to adapt to NATO standards, entered service in the Italian Navy in 1994 and was classified as a team patrol vessel.
Displacement 2500 t. length 113.5 width 11.9 speed 35 knots, crew 170 men.
His motto: Primi Velitus
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Italy:
Spica class torpedoboat Cigno during trials, 1937. She was part of the screen of destroyers and torpedo boats escorting a four-freighter convoy to Tripoli on 26 May 1941, when two Blenheim bombers were shot down. Cigno rescued hundreds of Italian survivors after the Battle of Cape Bon, where she dodged four torpedoes launched by the Dutch destroyer HNLMS Isaac Sweers. Sunk in battle 16 April 1943 southeast of Marettimo island, by British destroyers HMS Paladin and HMS Pakenham, while escorting a transport ship to Tunis. Pakenham was also sunk in the same engagement.
During the afternoon of 15 April, the British destroyers HMS Pakenham and Paladin were on an exercise off Malta. A signal arrived from the C-in-C Malta that ships had been sighted off Pantelleria, giving orders to investigate.
At 02:48, after illuminating the foremost Italian ship, Pakenham opened fire at 2,700 yd (1.3 nmi; 1.5 mi; 2.5 km).[9] When the range was estimated by Cigno at 2,500 yd (1.2 nmi; 1.4 mi; 2.3 km) it also opened fire and hit Pakenham on the stern with a 100 mm (3.9 in) 100/47 shell, starting a fire and disabling its aft torpedo tubes. Cassiopea, having steered north north-west to confront Paladin, opened fire at 4,500 yd (2.2 nmi; 2.6 mi; 4.1 km). As soon as the firing was heard, Belluno and its escorts turned for Trapani. Pakenham received a second hit at 02:50 which exploded in the lower deck and caused a much bigger fire, leading to Stevens ordering the aft magazine to be flooded.
The ships were very close and both fired with every weapon that could be brought to bear, filling the air with multi-coloured tracer ammunition. Pakenham hit Cigno in the forward boiler just to the rear of the bridge at 02:53, releasing a large cloud of smoke and steam over the ship as it came to a stop. While drifting, Cigno fired torpedoes at Pakenham to no effect and Pakenham replied from its undamaged forward torpedo tubes and struck Cigno amidships, breaking the ship in two. The stern quickly sank but the forward section of the ship stayed afloat; its 100 mm (3.9 in) gun-crew continuing to fire.
Pakenham turned north towards Cassiopea but just after 03:00, one or two shells, fired from the forward half of Cigno as it was sinking or from Cassiopea, hit on the waterline cutting the boiler tubes and causing the engine room to flood; the steam forcing the engine-room crew to evacuate. Pakenham listed 15° to port, electrical power was lost and stopped in the water, fires burning. Cassiopea and Paladin had not been hit until Paladin raked Cassiopea with a burst of QF 2-pounder pom-pom fire, which jammed the rudder and started a big fire forward and a smaller one aft. The crews of the two 100 mm (3.9 in) guns to the rear remained in action and at 03:06 Cassiopea fired a torpedo at 1,200 yd (0.59 nmi; 0.68 mi; 1.1 km) to no effect.
At 03:08 Paladin doused its lights and ceased fire, which misled the crew of Cassiopea into claiming a hit. Paladin was taking evasive action and broke away to the south-east, after its captain mistook Cassiopea for a Capitani Romani-class cruiser, because Italian shells exploding in the water caused unusually large splashes. Pakenham had regained power and continued north, achieving a hit on Cassiopea at 4,000 yd (2.0 nmi; 2.3 mi; 3.7 km); Cassiopea returned fire from its rearward guns and scored two hits on its stern pom-pom mounting and searchlight at 03:13. Pakenham ceased fire and turned to follow Paladin; Cassiopea was badly damaged, with two large fires onboard and did not pursue.
In 2009, Vincent O'Hara wrote that the Battle of the Cigno Convoy was a rare occasion when Italian naval escorts defeated a night attack by British ships. The British thought that they had been engaged by two fleet destroyers and believed that they had sunk them, putting the loss of Pakenham down to an unlucky hit and the lack of experience of both British crews. O'Hara wrote that experience had more influence on the result; the British ships had recently been transferred from the Indian Ocean and Rich deciding to turn away was "unusually cautious". The two Italian crews were veteran and spotted the British ships before the British opened fire but for the Italians to call the engagement a success when one ship was saved for the loss of one escort and another seriously damaged showed the extent of the British ascendancy in night-fighting
Cigno suffered the loss of 103 crew. Pakenham suffered nine crew killed and fifteen wounded; one of whom died on 18 April
Spica class torpedoboat Cigno during trials, 1937. She was part of the screen of destroyers and torpedo boats escorting a four-freighter convoy to Tripoli on 26 May 1941, when two Blenheim bombers were shot down. Cigno rescued hundreds of Italian survivors after the Battle of Cape Bon, where she dodged four torpedoes launched by the Dutch destroyer HNLMS Isaac Sweers. Sunk in battle 16 April 1943 southeast of Marettimo island, by British destroyers HMS Paladin and HMS Pakenham, while escorting a transport ship to Tunis. Pakenham was also sunk in the same engagement.
During the afternoon of 15 April, the British destroyers HMS Pakenham and Paladin were on an exercise off Malta. A signal arrived from the C-in-C Malta that ships had been sighted off Pantelleria, giving orders to investigate.
At 02:48, after illuminating the foremost Italian ship, Pakenham opened fire at 2,700 yd (1.3 nmi; 1.5 mi; 2.5 km).[9] When the range was estimated by Cigno at 2,500 yd (1.2 nmi; 1.4 mi; 2.3 km) it also opened fire and hit Pakenham on the stern with a 100 mm (3.9 in) 100/47 shell, starting a fire and disabling its aft torpedo tubes. Cassiopea, having steered north north-west to confront Paladin, opened fire at 4,500 yd (2.2 nmi; 2.6 mi; 4.1 km). As soon as the firing was heard, Belluno and its escorts turned for Trapani. Pakenham received a second hit at 02:50 which exploded in the lower deck and caused a much bigger fire, leading to Stevens ordering the aft magazine to be flooded.
The ships were very close and both fired with every weapon that could be brought to bear, filling the air with multi-coloured tracer ammunition. Pakenham hit Cigno in the forward boiler just to the rear of the bridge at 02:53, releasing a large cloud of smoke and steam over the ship as it came to a stop. While drifting, Cigno fired torpedoes at Pakenham to no effect and Pakenham replied from its undamaged forward torpedo tubes and struck Cigno amidships, breaking the ship in two. The stern quickly sank but the forward section of the ship stayed afloat; its 100 mm (3.9 in) gun-crew continuing to fire.
Pakenham turned north towards Cassiopea but just after 03:00, one or two shells, fired from the forward half of Cigno as it was sinking or from Cassiopea, hit on the waterline cutting the boiler tubes and causing the engine room to flood; the steam forcing the engine-room crew to evacuate. Pakenham listed 15° to port, electrical power was lost and stopped in the water, fires burning. Cassiopea and Paladin had not been hit until Paladin raked Cassiopea with a burst of QF 2-pounder pom-pom fire, which jammed the rudder and started a big fire forward and a smaller one aft. The crews of the two 100 mm (3.9 in) guns to the rear remained in action and at 03:06 Cassiopea fired a torpedo at 1,200 yd (0.59 nmi; 0.68 mi; 1.1 km) to no effect.
At 03:08 Paladin doused its lights and ceased fire, which misled the crew of Cassiopea into claiming a hit. Paladin was taking evasive action and broke away to the south-east, after its captain mistook Cassiopea for a Capitani Romani-class cruiser, because Italian shells exploding in the water caused unusually large splashes. Pakenham had regained power and continued north, achieving a hit on Cassiopea at 4,000 yd (2.0 nmi; 2.3 mi; 3.7 km); Cassiopea returned fire from its rearward guns and scored two hits on its stern pom-pom mounting and searchlight at 03:13. Pakenham ceased fire and turned to follow Paladin; Cassiopea was badly damaged, with two large fires onboard and did not pursue.
In 2009, Vincent O'Hara wrote that the Battle of the Cigno Convoy was a rare occasion when Italian naval escorts defeated a night attack by British ships. The British thought that they had been engaged by two fleet destroyers and believed that they had sunk them, putting the loss of Pakenham down to an unlucky hit and the lack of experience of both British crews. O'Hara wrote that experience had more influence on the result; the British ships had recently been transferred from the Indian Ocean and Rich deciding to turn away was "unusually cautious". The two Italian crews were veteran and spotted the British ships before the British opened fire but for the Italians to call the engagement a success when one ship was saved for the loss of one escort and another seriously damaged showed the extent of the British ascendancy in night-fighting
Cigno suffered the loss of 103 crew. Pakenham suffered nine crew killed and fifteen wounded; one of whom died on 18 April
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Italy:
Submarines Archimede (left) and Leonardo Da Vinci (right) shortly before sailing from Bordeaux, France, for their last mission, February 1943
Archimede, a Brin-class submarine, had been stationed in the Red Sea at the outbreak of World War II. In the spring of 1941, shortly before the fall of Italian East Africa, she left Massawa, Eritrea, and reached Bordeaux after circumnavigating Africa. She joined Betasom, the Italian submarine base in the Atlantic located in Bordeaux; she carried out three patrols in the Atlantic, sinking two ships for a total tonnage of 25,629 GRT. On 26 April 1943 she sailed from Bordeaux for a patrol in the Southern Atlantic, off the coast of Brazil, under the command of Lieutenant Commander Guido Saccardo; she reached her patrol area and patrolled it for over a month without sighting any ships, until on 15 April, while on her way to a position where she was to rendez-vous with a German ‘milk cow’, she was attacked and sunk by a PBY Catalina flying boat of the USAAF, some 350 miles off the coast of Natal. Of her crew of sixty-seven, forty-two men went down with the ships; twenty-five climbed onto three life rafts that the Catalina had dropped before flying away, but only one man, Leading Seaman Giuseppe Lo Coco, was still alive when his raft was finally found by Brazilian fishermen after twenty-seven days adrift. The other rafts were never seen again.
Leonardo Da Vinci, a Marconi-class submarine, had been dispatched to the Atlantic in the autumn of 1940, shortly after entering service; between 1940 and 1943 she had carried out eleven patrols, becoming Betasom's most successful submarine with seventeen ships sunk, totalling 120,243 GRT (including the one sunk during her last patrol). On 20 February 1943 Da Vinci, under the command of Lieutenant Commander Gianfranco Gazzana Priaroggia, sailed from Bordeaux for a patrol in the Southern Atlantic and the Indian Ocean. She sailed down the west coast of Africa and reached her patrol area in the Indian Ocean, some 200 miles east of Durban; after patrolling it for three weeks, Da Vinci began her voyage home. This patrol had been the most successful for this submarine: on 14 March 1943 she had sunk the British troopship/liner Empress of Canada (21,517 GRT), the largest ship ever sunk by an Italian submarine; four days later, the British freighter Lulworth Hill (7,628 GRT); on 17 April, the Dutch merchant Sembilan (6,566 GRT); on the following day, the British steamer Manar (8,007 GRT); on 21 April, the American Liberty ship John Drayton (7,177 GRT); and finally, on 25 April, the British tanker Doryessa (8,078 GRT). During her inbound voyage, on 23 May, Da Vinci ran into two British convoy some 300 miles west of Vigo, Spain, and was located and heavily depth charged by destroyer HMS Active and frigate HMS Ness. After the last attack, the British warships saw air bubbles, oil, wreckage, and human remains come to the surface. There were no survivors.
Submarines Archimede (left) and Leonardo Da Vinci (right) shortly before sailing from Bordeaux, France, for their last mission, February 1943
Archimede, a Brin-class submarine, had been stationed in the Red Sea at the outbreak of World War II. In the spring of 1941, shortly before the fall of Italian East Africa, she left Massawa, Eritrea, and reached Bordeaux after circumnavigating Africa. She joined Betasom, the Italian submarine base in the Atlantic located in Bordeaux; she carried out three patrols in the Atlantic, sinking two ships for a total tonnage of 25,629 GRT. On 26 April 1943 she sailed from Bordeaux for a patrol in the Southern Atlantic, off the coast of Brazil, under the command of Lieutenant Commander Guido Saccardo; she reached her patrol area and patrolled it for over a month without sighting any ships, until on 15 April, while on her way to a position where she was to rendez-vous with a German ‘milk cow’, she was attacked and sunk by a PBY Catalina flying boat of the USAAF, some 350 miles off the coast of Natal. Of her crew of sixty-seven, forty-two men went down with the ships; twenty-five climbed onto three life rafts that the Catalina had dropped before flying away, but only one man, Leading Seaman Giuseppe Lo Coco, was still alive when his raft was finally found by Brazilian fishermen after twenty-seven days adrift. The other rafts were never seen again.
Leonardo Da Vinci, a Marconi-class submarine, had been dispatched to the Atlantic in the autumn of 1940, shortly after entering service; between 1940 and 1943 she had carried out eleven patrols, becoming Betasom's most successful submarine with seventeen ships sunk, totalling 120,243 GRT (including the one sunk during her last patrol). On 20 February 1943 Da Vinci, under the command of Lieutenant Commander Gianfranco Gazzana Priaroggia, sailed from Bordeaux for a patrol in the Southern Atlantic and the Indian Ocean. She sailed down the west coast of Africa and reached her patrol area in the Indian Ocean, some 200 miles east of Durban; after patrolling it for three weeks, Da Vinci began her voyage home. This patrol had been the most successful for this submarine: on 14 March 1943 she had sunk the British troopship/liner Empress of Canada (21,517 GRT), the largest ship ever sunk by an Italian submarine; four days later, the British freighter Lulworth Hill (7,628 GRT); on 17 April, the Dutch merchant Sembilan (6,566 GRT); on the following day, the British steamer Manar (8,007 GRT); on 21 April, the American Liberty ship John Drayton (7,177 GRT); and finally, on 25 April, the British tanker Doryessa (8,078 GRT). During her inbound voyage, on 23 May, Da Vinci ran into two British convoy some 300 miles west of Vigo, Spain, and was located and heavily depth charged by destroyer HMS Active and frigate HMS Ness. After the last attack, the British warships saw air bubbles, oil, wreckage, and human remains come to the surface. There were no survivors.
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