Spotted this last weekend in Targu-Mures at the Collectors Fair so treated myself.
Italian WW1 Veterans lapel insignia, the enameled colored bars denote his medal awards.
Size :- 38mm x 20mm not bad for 30 Euro.
Identification of awards starting at the top proceeding down.
1. Unknown for the moment.
2. The Italian War Merit Cross (Croce al Merito di Guerra) was instituted by the King Victor Emanuel III in 1918, and was awarded to members of the armed forces with a minimum of one year’s service who had been in contact with the enemy, or to those who, when mentioned for war merit, received a promotion.
If an act of valour was deemed insufficient for the Medal of Military Valour, the War Merit Cross could be awarded instead.
From its institution until 30 May 1927, 1,034,924 Crosses were issued.
The Italian War Merit Cross Design.
The War Merit Cross is made in bronze, it measures 38mm wide (1-1/2 inches) and has a blue ribbon. A second award was indicated by a bronze star on the ribbon. The reverse side of the medal bears a 5-pointed star on a background of rays, and the obverse shows the royal cypher (“VE III” under a crown) in the upper arm, with the words “MERITO DI GVERRA” (War Merit) on the horizontal arms and a Roman sword point upwards, on oak leaves, in the lower arm.
3. The War Medal 1915-1918 (or Commemorative Medal for the Italo-Austrian War 1915–1918) is an Italian medal instituted on 29 July 1920 and awarded for participation in WW1 – or service during and immediately after World War I in the national territory of Italy, in the Dodecanese, in Albania, Syria, and Palestine.
The medal replaced a previous ribbon bar that had been introduced on 21 May 1916 and was awarded for one year of service in a war zone. When the medal replaced the ribbon bar, a number of new bars were attached to the ribbon according to the recipient’s service. The bars were covered in laurel leaves and could be:
1915
1916
1917
1918
Albania 1919
Albania 1920
Approximately 1,800,000 War Medal 1915-1918 medals were awarded.
The War Medal 1915-1918 Design -
The medal is circular and struck in bronze.
The obverse shows the helmeted head of King Victor Emanuel II. Around the rim is the inscription “GVERRA PER L’VNITA D’ITALIA 1915 1918” (“War for the Unity of Italy“). The reverse bears the figure of an upright Victory standing on shields born by two soldiers. Around the rim is the inscription “CONIATA ‘NEL BRONZO NEMICO” (“Made from enemy bronze“).
The ribbon has alternating thin stripes of green, white, and red.
4. Commemorative Medal of the Unity of Italy, 1848-1870.
After the end of the First World War with the conquest of Trentino and Trieste, King Vittorio Emanuele III considered the reunification of the peninsula under the Kingdom of Italy complete and decided to "refound" the medal. It was thus promulgated the Royal Decree 19 January 1922, n. 1229, with which he extended the authorization to bear the medal established by King Umberto I with the Royal Decree 26 April 1883, n. 1294, to all the fighters who were or would have been granted the commemorative medal of the war 1915-1918 for the accomplishment of the Unification of Italy (the one "minted in enemy bronze"), referred to in Royal Decree no. 1241 of 29 July 1920.
The new medal therefore had characteristics similar to that of 1883, also with regard to the founding concept; the effigy of King Umberto I was changed with that of King Vittorio Emanuele III, the dating of the period of the years of the unification of Italy, "1848-1918" instead of "1848-1870" and metal, bronze instead of silver.
The authorization took the form of a sort of stamp, printed by casa Benvenuto Cellini (C B C), which was sent by the Ministry of War and which, to be valid, had to be "(...) applied on the patent of the medal of the 1915-1918 campaign'.
The ribbon, for all types of medals, was composed of the Italian tricolor: in the center a green band of 13 mm with two white bands of 6 mm on the sides and then two red bands of 6 mm.
The founding decree was repealed in 2010
5. The Allied Victory Medal Italian Design.
The Victory Medal measures 36 millimeters (1.4 in) in diameter and its obverse was designed by William McMillan. The design and ribbon was adopted by Great Britain, Belgium, Brazil, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, France, Greece, Italy, Japan, Portugal, Romania, Siam, Union of South Africa and the USA.
The Italian medal’s design was done via public competition, which was won by Gaetano Orsolini. His design features the ‘Victory on a triumphal chariot, with the torch of liberty, drawn by four yoked lions’.
The obverse of the medal shows the winged, full-length, full-front, figure of ‘Victory‘ with her left arm extended and holding a palm branch in her right hand.
The 39 millimeters (1.5 in) wide watered ribbon has an iridescent color scheme, (aka Rainbow ribbon) with the violet moving through to a central red stripe where both schemes meet. It attaches to the medal through a ring suspender.