Color photos from the album of a soldier of the heavy flak division 390, Luftgau XVII, Bremen-Vegesack, 1943 / Source PIXPAST by Ian Spring
The schwere Flak-Abteilung 390 was formed April 1943 in Luftgau XVII in Vegesack as Flakuntergruppe Vegesack with 4 batteries.
Anti-aircraft protection in the greater Bremen area :
Bremen was also an important port and industrial city during the Second World War. Due to the location in northwest Germany, there was a particular risk from the beginning of the war. On flights from Great Britain, the city was one of the quickest major targets of attack. In the course of the war there were 173 air raids on Bremen by Allied air force bombers. As a supplement to the topic of air defense dealt with here, the Air Protection in Bremen page also offers relevant information.
At the beginning of the war, some air defense units were available in Bremen. On May 18, 1940, the British Royal Air Force carried out the first air raid on the Hanseatic city. In response, the establishment of the Bremen flak zone was pushed ahead, with numerous flak divisions being relocated here.
In May 1941 a top structure was adopted that lasted until June 1944. The areas of responsibility of the regiments are as follows:
- Flak Zone Bremen: Initially led by Flak Brigade VIII, on June 5, 1941, Air Defense Command 8 took over command of all air defense units in the greater Bremen area. The large association was named 8th Flak Division in October 1941. The command post was set up at Osterdeich 29. In the autumn of 1942, they moved to the protected command post bunker Bürgerpark.
- Flak group Bremen-Nord: In February 1941 the Flak Regiment 26 was reorganized. The command post was set up in the Flak barracks in Grohn. The main objects of protection in the area of the group were: The Refinery Vacuum Oel and the Norddeutsche Hütte in Werderland, the Weserflug works airfield in Lemwerder, the wool combing plant in Blumenthal, and the Wifo tank farm in Farge. The Bremer Vulkan shipyard in Vegesack was also in the area. The construction project of the submarine bunker shipyard "Valentin" was added later.
- Flak group Bremen-Mitte: The flak regiment 89 was in Bremen from February 1941. The command post was initially in the Talstrasse school, but in May 1943 they moved to the Strom flak bunker. The main objects of protection in the area of the group were: The Deschimag shipyards - A.G. Weser and Atlas-Werke, operations of the "Weser" aircraft construction, as well as the areas of industrial ports and commercial ports. In addition, Delmenhorst fell into the area with the German linoleum works, the North German wool and worsted spinning mill (north wool) and the Delmenhorst-Adelheide air base. On June 8, 1944, after the Allies landed in Normandy, the staff was withdrawn to northern France. The area of the Flakgruppe Bremen-Mitte has now been divided between the remaining groups North and South.
- Flak group Bremen-Süd: In May 1941 the Flak Regiment 13 arrived in Bremen. A building at Osterdeich 56 was initially used as the command post, but in mid-1943 the Achterdiek motorway access was relocated to the command post bunker. The main objects of protection in the area of the group were: Bremen-Neuenlander Feld airport with the Focke-Wulf plant, the Hastedt / Hemelingen industrial area, as well as the Borgward vehicle production facility and the Reichsbahn repair shop in Sebaldsbrück.
The flak headlight regiment 160 was responsible for the entire area. The association was set up on December 15, 1940 in Bremen. The Lyceum in the Straße Lange Reihe was used as a command post. In spring 1943 they moved to the Villa Roselius in Oberneuland.
Below the top structure, there have been numerous relocations and restructuring over the years. At first it was mainly about increasing the number of anti-aircraft positions in the Bremen area. Soon, however, associations also had to be relocated to other hotspots of the war. The occupancy information for the positions presented at the bottom of this page gives an impression of the fluctuation.
The greatest strength of the flak in the greater Bremen area was reached in December 1943. At the time there were:
8 batteries with guns 12.8 cm, 5 of which were railway flak batteries on wagons
- 27 batteries with guns 10.5 cm
- 1 battery with guns 8.8 cm / 41
- 27 batteries with guns 8.8 cm / 36
- 2 batteries with guns 3.7 cm
- 12 batteries with guns 2 cm
The whole thing was staffed with around 27,000 men, presumably including the numerous young flak helpers from schools in Bremen and the surrounding area, as well as volunteers. “Hiwis” were employed in almost every position. These were mostly Russian prisoners of war who had volunteered to be used by the flak in order to escape the torments of the prisoner-of-war camps.