Italy:
Destroyer
Ugolino Vivaldi on fire, after being damaged by a British shell, during the battle off Pantelleria (Operation Harpoon), 15 June 1942
The
Navigatori-class destroyer
Ugolino Vivaldi (commanded by Capitano di Vascello Ignazio Castrogiovanni) participated, together with its sister
Lanzerotto Malocello of the
XIV Squadriglia (Fourteenth Flotilla) in the operation against the British convoy forming the centerpiece of Operation Harpoon.
Being too slow to accompany the two Italian light cruisers in their high-speed dash (after their rebuild, the Navigatori could reach at best 28 knots, while the
Raimondo Montecuccoli and the
Eugenio di Savoia could comfortably reach 32 knots), Ammiraglio di Divisione Alberto Da Zara ordered the two destroyers to attack the convoy independently, so they detached and turned due west/northwest. They ended up facing four destroyer escorts (
Hunt-class), plus after a bit the two fleet destroyers HMS
Marne and
Matchless; during the engagement, they also launched torpedoes against the nearest merchantmen, and according to Vincent O'Hara it is possible that the steamer
Chant was sunk by a torpedo launched by either Italian destroyer, rather than an air-dropped torpedo from a Junkers Ju.88.
At 0607 h, the
Vivaldi was struck by a shell (mostly attributed to HMS
Matchless, but again O'Hara disputes this, pointing out that it's possible that the shell was fired by several other ships) in the fore boiler room, causing severe damage and a severe fire. With the
Malocello slowing down and laying a smokescreen to protect its stricken brethren, the British escorts closing in on them and an aircraft (a German one, moreover) attacking the soon immobilized
Vivaldi with bombs, luckily with no consequences, Captain Castrogiovanni at one point transmitted to Da Zara: "I shall fight to the end! Long live the King!", believing that his ship was going to be sunk. However, amidst the general confusions on both sides, the British destroyer escorts ended up disengaging, so that at 0646, with power partly restored, the
Vivaldi started to limp towards the island of Pantelleria, with the fire still raging, while the other destroyers in the Italian formation came to support them.
Despite the precarious situation (with even an air attack from four Fairey Albacores that dropped torpedoes, however missing even the crippled destroyer), and even explosions in the magazines, the
Vivaldi under tow managed to survive, and at 1400 h it arrived in the small harbour of Pantelleria; the fire was mostly extinguished by 2100 h, and one hour later even the last small fires were put out at last. During the battle, ten crewmembers had been killed, nine wounded and several had been burned.