Australia:
AHS Centaur in 1943. Australian Hospital Ship (AHS)
Centaur was a
hospital ship which was attacked and sunk by a Japanese submarine off the coast of
Queensland, Australia, on 14 May 1943. Of the 332 medical personnel and civilian crew aboard, 268 died, including 63 of the 65 army personnel.
After replenishing in Sydney,
Centaur embarked the
2/12th Field Ambulance for transport to New Guinea, and sailed on 12 May.
At approximately 4:10 am on 14 May 1943, while on her second run from Sydney to Port Moresby,
Centaur was torpedoed by an unsighted submarine. The torpedo struck the portside oil fuel tank approximately 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) below the waterline, creating a hole 8 to 10 metres (26 to 33 ft) across, igniting the fuel, and setting the ship on fire from the bridge aft. Many of those on board were immediately killed by concussion or perished in the inferno.
Centaur quickly took on water through the impact site, rolled to port, then sank bow-first, submerging completely in less than three minutes. The rapid sinking prevented the deployment of lifeboats, although two broke off from
Centaur as she sank, along with several damaged liferafts.
According to the position extrapolated by Second Officer Gordon Rippon from the 4:00 am
dead reckoning position,
Centaur was attacked approximately 24 nautical miles (44 km; 28 mi) east-northeast of
Point Lookout, North Stradbroke Island, Queensland. Doubts were initially cast on the accuracy of both the calculated point of sinking and the dead reckoning position, but the 2009 discovery of the wreck found both to be correct,
Centaur located within 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) of Rippon's coordinates
Of the 332 people on board, 64 were rescued. Most of the crew and passengers were asleep at the time of attack and had little chance to escape. It was estimated that up to 200 people may have been alive at the time
Centaur submerged. Several who made it off the ship later died from shrapnel wounds or burns; others were unable to find support and drowned.
The survivors spent 36 hours in the water, using barrels, wreckage, and the two damaged lifeboats for flotation. During this time, they drifted approximately 19.6 nautical miles (36.3 km; 22.6 mi) north east of
Centaur's calculated point of sinking and spread out over an area of 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi). The survivors saw at least four ships and several aircraft, but could not attract their attention.
At the time of rescue, the survivors were in two large and three small groups, with several more floating alone. Amongst those rescued were Sister
Ellen Savage, the only surviving nurse from 12 aboard; Leslie Outridge, the only surviving doctor from 18 aboard; Gordon Rippon, second officer and most senior surviving crew member; and Richard Salt, the Torres Strait
ship pilot. In 1944, Ellen Savage was presented with the
George Medal for providing medical care, boosting morale, and displaying courage during the wait for rescue
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AHS_Centaur