The defence of Copenhagen. – 150 years of more digging. Part Two, outer defences.
Well, after Admiral Nelson (the British, you know…) bombarded Copenhagen and stole our fleet, the city grew well beyond the old city-walls. A new defence was needed. After two wars with Germany (1848 GREAT VICTORY, 1864 HONORFULL SECOND PLACE) everyone could see the problem.
Now as everyone knows, all the important people live in the capital. They decided that Copenhagen needed better protection, just in case Germany, Britain or Sweden decided to attack.
(“Fort” means small castle or defensive position with walls in Danish).
1.
Trekroner. Three coastelforts (1,2,3) made around 1890. Have a look in google maps – they are quite impressive. They were more or less made to protect Copenhagen against Admiral Nelson, who never returned.
2.
Middelgrundsfortet. This fort housed a HAWK batteri for protecting the capital during the cold war. The last commander apparently made an agreement with his colleague on GOTLAND (Sweden, non NATO) that if Gotland started to fire their anti-air missiles east, it would be a sign that CCCP was attacking, and then Middelgrundsfortet would start firing missiles as well. As far as I remember, the fort is 37 meters (100feet) above sea level – all made by (and with! RIP) Swedish workers, starting from a depth of 7 meters.
3.
Flakfortet.
4.
Kongelundsfortet. Protecting the capital from the south. If you look 800 meters (2.500 feet) to the east, you will notice a white football. This is the WWII (german) lookout “CROCODILE”. Now, this might (according to WIKI) belong to the national defence intelligence service. The football may be the cause of the recent headline “Denmark is helping US to spy on European NATO-members”. Well – you are welcome US! Several smaller defensive positions were established in this area.
5.
Dragør fort – Most southern of the eastern defences. Notice the traditional moat.
6.
Vestvolden (“The western rampart”) 14 km long – including gun-emplacements, and underground ammo-storage. It includes the “Ejbybunkeren”, the airdefence headquarters for Copenhagen during the cold war. (now open for the public).
7.
The northern ring of forts. Starting with “Charlottenlund fort” (at “7” the easiest to find). It still has gun-emplacements. The rest of the forts can be hard to find on google maps, as the capital has enclosed them all in modern suburbs. The forts could support one another, and large parts of this area was very wet, for even better defence.
8.
The old shooting range. This Is the old shooting range of Copenhagen. Used for close to a thousand years (well, not that close). When the price of land got high enough, this area had to be cleansed of old ammunition. A few friends of mine spend their youth there, as part of the Engineer Corps penal battalion (actually just a platoon). Each time a new lieutenant showed up, one of the old guard would walk up to him with an old smoking phosphor grenade (hit them hard at the right spot and they start producing smoke). “Hey Boss, what are we supposed to do with this.” It usually resulted in the whole area being evacuated.
The western rampart and the forts were manned by 50.000 soldiers during the first world war, but the war never reached the capital (or Denmark).
LYNGBY FORT - during its construction around 1890.
More photos can be found here:
Lyngby Fort blev opført i årene 1887-92. Fortet ligger syd for Lyngby. Det er et kassemateret trekantfort. Det blev opført som Gammelmosegaardfortet.
www.vestvolden.info