On this day September Events

[John A Silkstone]

September 21th

1520 - Suleiman the Magnificent became Ottoman sultan in Constantinople.

1596 - Spain named Juan de Oñate governor of the colony of New Mexico.

1784 - "Pennsylvania Packet and Daily Advertiser" became the nation's first daily newspaper.

1792 - The French National Convention voted to abolish the monarchy; the French Republic was then proclaimed.

1810 - Oktoberfest festival began in West Germany with a horse race in honour of the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria to Princess Therese.

1863 - Union forces retreated to Chattanooga after defeat at Chickamauga.

1893 - Frank Duryea and Charles Duryea demonstrated the first U.S.-made gas-propelled car.

1897 - The "New York Sun" ran its famous editorial that declared, "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus."

1915 - Stonehenge was sold by auction for 6,600 pounds sterling to a Mr. Chubb, who bought it as a present for his wife. Three years later he gave it back to Britain.

1922 - U.S. President Warren G. Harding signed a joint resolution of approval to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

1931 - Britain went off the gold standard.

1949 - People's Republic of China was proclaimed by its Communist leaders.

1965 - First American, Ted Erikson, swam a round-trip of the English Channel.

1977 - U.S. President Jimmy Carter's embattled budget director, Bert Lance, resigned.

1989 - Colin Powell was confirmed as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

1989 - Hurricane Hugo hit the South Carolina coast with destruction totalling $8 billion.

1996 - John F. Kennedy, Jr. married Carolyn Bessette in a secret ceremony on Cumberland Island, Georgia.

1999 - Google launched its search engine.

2003 - NASA's aging Galileo spacecraft was deliberately plunged into Jupiter's atmosphere, ending its 14-year exploration of the solar system's largest planet and its moons.

Silky

 

[John A Silkstone]

Dear members I had to rush off yesterday to see my sick brother and posted the wrong days events for the 20th September. Those events are for this day the 21st
Sorry for any confusion.

Silky

September 20th

480 B.C.E. - Themistocles and a Greek fleet scored a decisive naval victory over Xerxes' Persian force near Salamis.

1519 - Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan set out from Spain on a voyage to find a western passage to the Spice Islands of Indonesia. Though he was killed, one of his ships successfully circumnavigated the globe by September 1522.

1565 - Pedro Menendez of Spain defeated the French at Fort Caroline, in Florida, the first European battle on U.S. soil.

1792 - French defeated the Prussians at the Battle of Valmy.

1850 - The slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia. In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation freed Washington's 3,000 slaves.

1870 - Victor Emmanuel II, the first king of modern Italy, annexed Rome from the French during the Franco-Prussian War.

1873 - "Black Friday," occurred; it was the first time the New York Stock Exchange was forced to close because of a banking crisis.

1884 - The Equal Rights Party was formed and nominated Belva Ann Bennett Lockwood for president.

1939 - Cannes Film Festival debuted in France.

1952 - Scientists confirmed that DNA holds hereditary data.

1962 - Black student James Meredith was blocked from enrolling at the University of Mississippi by Governor Ross R. Barnett, but later admitted.

1965 - Seven U.S. planes were downed in one day over Vietnam.

1973 - Billie Jean King defeated Bobby Riggs in the nationally televised "Battle of the Sexes" tennis match, in three straight sets.

1974 - Gail A. Cobb, a member of the Metropolitan Police Force of Washington, D.C., became the first female police officer to be killed in the line of duty. She was murdered by a robbery suspect.

1989 - F.W. de Klerk was sworn in as president of South Africa.

Silky

 

[John A Silkstone]

September 22nd

1656 - First all-woman jury was empanelled in the American colonies, at Patuxent, Maryland.

1789 - U.S. Congress authorized the office of Postmaster-General.

1862 - President Abraham Lincoln issued a preliminary emancipation proclamation calling for all slaves within the rebel states to be freed on January 1, 1863.

1914 - German submarine, the U-9, sank three British cruisers, the Aboukir, the Hogue, and the Cressy, in just over one hour.

1921 - The Band-Aid was invented.

1945 - President Harry Truman accepted the U.S. Secretary of War's recommendation to call the war, World War II.

1947 - First automatic-pilot flight over the Atlantic Ocean was made.

1949 - Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb.

1950 - Omar N. Bradley was promoted to the rank of five-star general, in the U.S. Army.

1958 - Sherman Adams, assistant to U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, resigned amid charges of improperly using his influence to help a businessman.

1959 - First telephone cable linking Europe and the United States was opened.

1961 - The Peace Corps was established by President John F. Kennedy when he signed the Congressional act.

1970 - President Richard M. Nixon signed a bill giving the District of Columbia representation in the U.S. Congress.

1975 - Sara Jane Moore attempted to shoot President Gerald R. Ford outside a San Francisco hotel, the second assassination attempt on him in less than three weeks.

1980 - Persian Gulf conflict between Iran and Iraq erupted into full-scale war.

1981 - The world's fastest train, the France TGV, took its inaugural run from Paris to Lyons.

Silky

 

[John A Silkstone]

September 23rd

1518 - The Royal College of Physicians was established to protect citizens from medical charlatans and quacks.

1642 - Harvard College held first commencement.

1779 - American warship Bonhomme Richard defeated the HMS Serapis after the American commander, John Paul Jones, was said to have declared: "I have not yet begun to fight!"

1780 - British spy John Andre was captured along with papers revealing Benedict Arnold's plot to surrender West Point to the British.

1788 - Louis XVI of France declared the Parliament restored.

1806 - Lewis and Clark and their expedition returned to St. Louis from the Pacific Northwest, three years after it departed.

1846 - Neptune, the eighth planet, was discovered by German astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle.

1912 - Mack Sennet's first "Keystone Cop" film debuted.

1945 - The first American died in Vietnam during the fall of Saigon to French forces.

1952 - Republican vice-presidential candidate Richard M. Nixon went on television to deliver the "Checkers" speech, a refute of allegations of improper campaign financing.

1962 - New York's Philharmonic Hall opened.

1964 - Marc Chagall's painted ceiling of the Paris Opera House was unveiled.

1973 - Former Argentine president Juan Peron returned to power after an 18-year exile in Spain.

2002 - A 24-count indictment charging conspiracy, securities fraud and wire fraud was filed against the founding family and two executives of bankrupt cable company Adelphia Communications

Silky

 

[John A Silkstone]

September 24th

622 - Mohammed and his followers commenced the Hegira, or "flight," to Medina, where he founded Islam.

1788 - French Parliament of Paris reassembled after having been dissolved.

1789 - Congress passed the first Judiciary Act, which provided for an attorney general and a Supreme Court.

1852 - French engineer Henri Giffard made the first flight in an airship that was powered by a steam engine.

1869 - Wall Street panic took place when financiers Jay Gould and James Fisk attempted to corner the gold market.

1906 - President Theodore Roosevelt signed a bill designating Devils Tower, a natural rock formation in the Black Hills of Wyoming, as the country's first National Monument.

1914 - German army captured St. Mihiel.

1929 - First all-instrument flight took place; it was piloted by U.S. Army Lieutenant James H. Doolittle.

1930 - Noel Coward's comedy "Private Lives" opened in London.

1960 - USS Enterprise, the first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, was launched at Newport News, Virginia.

1962 - University of Mississippi agreed to admit James Meredith as the first black university student.

1963 - U.S. Senate ratified a treaty with Britain and the Soviet Union limiting nuclear testing and development.

1969 - Trial of the so-called "Chicago Eight" (or "Chicago Seven") began for the political radicals accused of conspiring to incite the riots that occurred during the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago.

1975 – British climbers Dougal Huston and Doug Scott became the first to reach the summit of Mount Everest via the southwest face.

1976 - Newspaper heiress Patricia Hearst was sentenced to seven years in prison for her part in a 1974 bank robbery. She is later released after 22 months, having received clemency.

1988 - The first female Episcopal assistant bishop was ordained (Barbara Harris).

1993 - Imelda Marcos, wife of the late Ferdinand Marcos, former dictator of the Philippines, was sentenced to 18 years imprisonment for corruption.

1993 - Sihanouk was reinstalled as king of Cambodia.

1998 - New, harder-to-counterfeit US $20 bill was introduced.

Silky

 

[John A Silkstone]

September 25th

1493 - Christopher Columbus embarked on his second voyage to the New World.

1513 - Vasco Nunez de Balboa became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean.

1676 - Greenwich Mean Time began when two very accurate clocks are set in motion at the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England. Greenwich Mean Time, now known as Universal Time, became the standard for the world in 1884.

1690 - "Publick Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestick," the first U.S. newspaper, published its first and last editions (Boston).

1775 - American Revolutionary War hero Ethan Allen was captured by the British when he tried to invade Canada.

1789 - The first U.S. Congress adopted 12 amendments to the Constitution of the United States of America and sent them to the states for ratification. Ten of the amendments became the Bill of Rights.

1804 - The Twelfth Amendment was ratified, changing the procedure of choosing the president and vice-president.

1847 - After a four-day fight, Monterey, Mexico was captured by U.S. forces under General Zachary Taylor, the future U.S. president.

1890 - Sequoia National Park and Kings Canyon National Park was established by President Benjamin Harrison.

1890 - Wilford Woodruff, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, issued his "Manifesto" renouncing the practice of polygamy. His reforms cleared the way for Utah to be accepted as the 45th state of the Union.

1890 - U.S. Congress established Yosemite National Park.

1918 - Brazil declared war on Austria.

1926 - Henry Ford of the Ford Motor Company announced the 8-hour, 5-day work week.

1937 - German Chancellor Adolf Hitler met with Italian Premier Benito Mussolini in Munich.

1942 - War Labour Board ordered equal pay for women in the United States.

1957 - U.S. Army troops escorted nine black children to their classes at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Until the arrival of federal troops, riots and violence had prevented desegregation of the public school.

1959 - President Dwight Eisenhower and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev began Camp David talks.

1974 - Scientists warned that continued use of aerosol sprays would cause ozone depletion, leading to an increased risk of skin cancer and global weather changes and warming.

1978 - A Pacific Southwest Airlines Boeing 727 collided with a private plane over San Diego, killing 144 people.

1979 - The musical "Evita" opened on Broadway.

1981 - Sandra Day O'Connor was sworn in as the first female justice on the Supreme Court.

1987 - The booty of the pirate ship Wydah, sunk in 1717, was auctioned off for $400 million.

Silky

 

[John A Silkstone]

September 26th

1580 - Sir Francis Drake returned to Plymouth, England, in the ship Golden Hind, having become the first British navigator to have circumnavigated the globe.

1687 - The Parthenon was destroyed in the war between Turks and the Venetians.

1777 - British troops occupied Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War. Sir William Howe had just defeated George Washington at the Battle of Brandywine and his forces easily captured the undefended capital.

1789 - Thomas Jefferson was appointed the first Secretary of State in the United States.

1815 - The Act of the Holy Alliance was signed by the Czar of Russia, Emperor of Austro-Hungary, and the King of Prussia -- in the name of Christianity.

1829 - Scotland Yard, British criminal investigation organization, was formed.

1901 - Leon Czolgosz, who murdered President William McKinley, was sentenced to death.

1913 - The first boat was raised in the Panama Canal locks.

1914 - Federal Trade Commission was established to foster competition in business and prevent monopolies.

1918 - The last major battle of World War I began when French and American troops attack German holdings in the Meuse-Argonne offensive. The battle ended in the eleventh hour of November 11.

1941 - U.S. Army established the Military Police Corps.

1950 - United Nations troops recaptured the South Korean capital of Seoul from the North Koreans.

1953 - Sugar rationing in Great Britain was ended after almost 14 years.

1955 - The New York Stock Exchange suffered a $44 million loss.

1957 - The musical "West Side Story," written by Leonard Bernstein, opened on Broadway.

1960 - The first televised presidential debate took place between Vice President Richard M. Nixon and Senator John F. Kennedy (in Chicago).

1967 - Hanoi rejected a U.S. peace proposal for the Vietnam War.

1969 - The Beatles last album, "Abbey Road," was released.
1972 - Richard M. Nixon met with Emperor Hirohito in Anchorage, Alaska, the first-ever meeting of a U.S. President and a Japanese monarch.

1986 - William H. Rehnquist was sworn in as the 16th Chief Justice and Antonin Scalia joined the Supreme Court as its 103rd member.

1990 - Motion Picture Association of America instituted the NC-17 rating.

1991 - Four men and four women began a two-year stay in the sealed Biosphere Two in Oracle, Arizona, for science research.

1996 - U.S. astronaut Shannon Lucid returned to Earth in the U.S. space shuttle Atlantis, after six months in orbit aboard the Russian space station Mir. It set an endurance record for an American and a woman in space.

1997 - Indonesian Airbus A-300 crashed while approaching Medan Airport in north Sumatra, killing all 234 people aboard.

2002 - A state-run Senegalese ferry capsized in the Atlantic Ocean, killing more than 1800 people.

Silky

 

[John A Silkstone]

September 27th

1514 - The Spanish crown granted explorer Juan Ponce de Leon the title Military Governor of Bimini (an island in the Bahamas) and Florida and gave him permission to colonize those regions.

1540 - The Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic missionary organization, received its charter from Pope Paul III. It was founded by Ignatius de Loyola, a Spanish soldier turned priest, in 1534.

1669 - The island of Crete fell to the Ottoman Turks after a 21-year siege.

1791 - Jews in France were granted French citizenship.

1916 - Constance of Greece declared war on Bulgaria.

1928 - U.S. recognized the Nationalist Chinese government.

1938 - Cunard introduced its largest passenger liner, the Queen Mary, at Clydebank. Queen Elizabeth, consort of George VI, launched it.

1939 - Warsaw, Poland, surrendered to invading forces from Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union during World War II.

1940 - The Tripartite Pact, a ten-year military and economic alliance strengthening the Axis alliance, was signed by Germany, Italy, and Japan.

1959 - A typhoon devastated the island of Honshu, Japan, killing nearly 5000 people.

1964 - The Warren Commission issued a report concluding that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone in assassinating President John F. Kennedy.

1979 - Congress approved the establishment of the Department of Education, the 13th US cabinet agency.

1996 - Taliban, a group of Islamic fundamentalists, seized control of Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, and hanged Mohammad Najibullah, the former Afghan president.

Silky

 

[John A Silkstone]

September 28th

855 - Emperor Lothar died in Gaul and his kingdom was divided between his three sons.

1066 - William the Conqueror, duke of Normandy, invaded England and claimed the English throne.

1106 - King Henry of England defeated his brother Robert at the Battle of Tinchebrai and reunited England and Normandy.

1542 - Portuguese explorer Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo arrived at what is now San Diego. He was the first European to see California.

1781 - Siege of Yorktown Heights, Virginia, began -- last battle of the Revolutionary War.

1825 - George Stephenson and Richard Trevithick drove a steam locomotive at the Stockton and Darlington Railway, in England, making it the first public passenger railway.

1850 - Mormon leader Brigham Young was named the first governor of the territory of Utah by President Millard Fillmore.

1850 - U.S. Navy abolished flogging as punishment.

1867 - Toronto became the capital of Ontario province.

1912 - William Christopher Handy's "Memphis Blues" introduced the African-American folk tradition.

1924 - Two U.S. Army aircraft landed in Seattle, having completed the first round-the-world flight. They departed on April 6.

1939 - Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin agreed upon a final division of Poland, with the Soviets taking eastern Galicia and lands east of the Bug River -- more than half the country.

1959 - Explorer VI, the U.S. satellite, took the first video pictures of Earth.

1972 - Japan and Communist China agreed to re-establish diplomatic relations.

1996 - U.S. House of Representatives passed legislation to reduce the number of illegal immigrants.

2000 - After a 12-year battle, the U.S. government approved use of the abortion pill RU-486.

Silky

 

[John A Silkstone]

September 29th

1399 - Richard II of England was deposed and his cousin, Henry of Lancaster, declared himself King Henry IV.

1787 - Congress voted to send the just-completed Constitution of the United States of America to the state legislatures for their approval.

1789 - U.S. War Department established a regular army. Josiah Harmar was appointed the first commander-in-chief of the U.S. Army.

1829 - The first regular police patrols appeared on the streets of London.

1833 - Civil war broke out in Spain between those who believe Don Carlos deserved the throne, and supporters of Queen Isabella.

1899 - Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) was established by Congress.

1911 - Italy declared war on Turkey over possession of Tripoli.

1916 - American John D Rockefeller became the world's first billionaire.

1923 - Great Britain began to govern the territory of Palestine under a mandate granted by the League of Nations. This ended 400 years of Turkish rule and 1300 years of Arab rule.

1941 - Babi Yar Massacre of 33,771 Jewish men, women, and children started in the German-occupied Ukraine. Most of the Jewish residents of Kiev died over a two-day period.

1943 - General Dwight D. Eisenhower and Italian Marshal Pietro Badoglio signed an armistice aboard a British ship off Malta.

1950 - General Douglas MacArthur officially returned Seoul, South Korea, to President Syngman Rhee.

1950 - The first automatic telephone answering machine was tested by the Bell Telephone Company.

1961 - Russian ballet dancer Rudolf Nureyev performed with the Paris Opera after he was granted asylum in France.

1970 - Egyptian Vice President Anwar el-Sadat was sworn-in as the president of Egypt following the death of Gamal Abdel Nasser.

1982 - Seven people in the Chicago area died after taking Extra-Strength Tylenol capsules poisoned with cyanide. A suspect for the murders was never found. The incident led to safety seals on most consumer products.

1988 - Space shuttle Discovery was the first manned flight to launch after the Challenger disaster.

1988 - Stacy Allison became the first American woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest.

Silky

 

[John A Silkstone]

September 30th

1452 - Gutenberg Bible was published in Germany.

1630 - John Billington, one of the signers of the Mayflower Compact, became the first criminal executed in the American colonies when he was hanged for murder at Plymouth.

1846 - Dentist William Morton of Boston became the first to use ether as an anaesthetic on a patient.

1860 - The first British tramway was inaugurated by an American, George Francis Train.

1862 - "Stonewall" Jackson led the Confederates to victory at the second Battle of Bull Run, Virginia, during the U.S. Civil War.

1881 - First stereo system (for a telephonic broadcasting service) was patented in Germany by Clement Adler.

1882 - The world's first hydroelectric power plant began operation on the Fox River in Appleton, Wisconsin.

1901 - Scottish inventor Hubert Cecil Booth patented the vacuum cleaner.

1918 - Bulgaria pulled out of World War I.

1938 - Britain, France, Italy, and Germany negotiated and agreed to the partitioning of Czechoslovakia in The Munich Pact.

1943 - Women's Army Auxiliary Corps became the Women's Army Corps, a regular contingent of the U.S. Army.

1946 - An international military tribunal in Nuremberg, Germany, found 22 top Nazi leaders guilty of war crimes.

1949 - The Berlin Airlift ended; it had involved 278,288 relief missions to the city over 14 months.

1954 - The first atomic-powered vessel, the submarine Nautilus, was commissioned by the Navy.

1955 - James Dean, actor, was killed in a two-car collision in California.

1960 - Fifteen African nations were admitted to the United Nations.

1962 - Black student James Meredith succeeded on his fourth try in registering for classes at the University of Mississippi, though a deadly riot takes place.

1963 - The "Hotline" between the U.S. president and the Soviet premier was established.

1965 - President Lyndon Johnson signed legislation that established the National Foundation for the Arts and the Humanities.

1966 - Nazi war criminals Albert Speer, the German minister of armaments, and Baldur von Schirach, the founder of the Hitler Youth, were freed from Spandau prison after serving 20-year prison sentences.

1988 - Mikhail S. Gorbachev forced retirement on President Andrei A. Gromyko and fired other old-guard leaders in a Kremlin shake-up.

1991 - Haiti's first freely elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, was ousted in a military coup.

1991 - Azerbaijan declared independence.

1993 - Around 10,000 people were killed when an earthquake measuring 6.4 struck southern India.

2003 - The FBI began a criminal investigation into whether White House officials had illegally leaked the identity of an undercover CIA officer.

Silky