Remembrance A.IF. Celebrities: "Wild Eye", "Souvenir King"

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John_Hines_-_AIF_Souvenir_King_1917.jpg

Private John "Barney" Hines surrounded by German equipment he had looted during the Battle of Polygon Wood in September 1917. He is counting money stolen from prisoners of war, wearing a German Army field cap and sitting amidst German weapons and personal equipment
This photo was taken on 27 September 1917 by Australian photographer Frank Hurley and was published in late 1917 under the title Wild Eye, the souvenir king and became one of the best-known Australian photographs of the war.
The photograph was used as propaganda and Hines became the subject of many tall tales and true stories. One popular but doubtful story was that the Kaiser had been enraged by the publication of the photograph that seemed to show a barbaric Australian gloating over his battle trophies and offered a reward for Barney Hines dead or alive.

So this topic is about the Australian soldier who was not a typical Digger but who fully earned his place under this special heading of "A.IF. Celebrities.''

hines1.jpg

Barney Hines featured on the cover of the returned soldiers’ journal, Reveille, in December 1933.
 
To start with there are plenty of confusion when it comes to biography of the "wild eyes".
This is from the "Virtual War Memorial Australia" site:

Service Numbers:3792, 2296
Enlisted: 30 August 1915, Holsworthy, New South Wales
Last Rank:Private
Last Unit: 45th Infantry Battalion
Born:Liverpool, England, 11 October 1878
Home Town:Sydney, City of Sydney, New South Wales
Schooling:Not yet discovered
Occupation:Seaman/Engineer
Died:Natural causes, Concord Repat Hospital, New South Wales, 29 January 1958, aged 79 years
Cemetery: Rookwood Cemetery & Crematorium
Section: M2, Row: 11, Plot 2576
Memorials: Mount Druitt Waterholes Remembrance Garden

World War 1 Service​

30 Aug 1915: Enlisted AIF WW1, SN 3792, Holsworthy, New South Wales
20 Jan 1916: Discharged AIF WW1, SN 3792, Discharged as Medically Unfit
8 May 1916: Enlisted AIF WW1, Private, SN 2296, 45th Infantry Battalion, Sydney, New South Wales
22 Aug 1916: Involvement AIF WW1, Private, SN 2296, 45th Infantry Battalion, Enlistment/Embarkation WW1
22 Aug 1916: Embarked AIF WW1, Private, SN 2296, 45th Infantry Battalion, HMAT Wiltshire, Sydney
8 Jun 1917: Wounded Private, SN 2296, 45th Infantry Battalion, Messines, GSW (right shoulder)
27 Sep 1917: Involvement AIF WW1, Private, SN 2296, 45th Infantry Battalion, Polygon Wood
12 Oct 1917: Involvement AIF WW1, Private, SN 2296, 45th Infantry Battalion, 1st Passchendaele
3 May 1918: Wounded Private, SN 2296, 45th Infantry Battalion, German Spring Offensive 1918, Shrapnel Wound (scalp), NYD (Not Yet Diagnosed) Gassed
2 Feb 1919: Discharged AIF WW1, Private, SN 2296, 45th Infantry Battalion

 
Here is one of Barney's "biographies".
John 'Barney" Hines or Private John Hines was an Irish man born in 1881 in Liverpool, London. John was a Roman Catholic who was a heavily tattooed man in his 40's when was enlisted in the 45th Battalion. Joining the AIF in 1915, he was a troublesome Australian soldier in battle as he was frequently on absent without leave he faced several, charges for forging entries in his pay-book, and for drunkenness. On the battlefield, Hines was known as "Wild Eyes" or "Souvenir King" as he always stole all sorts of items from German Soldiers who are either dead or captured.

At the age of 14, Hines tried to join the British Army however his mother took him and returned him to her care. Approximately two years later, he joined the British Navy, however, after only one year working with the Navy, he attracted malaria and was discharged. Hines then started working as a guide for the British Troops in the Boer War, before coming to Australia and settling in Sydney, New South Wales. In Australia, John worked several different jobs, such as being an engineer. When World War One broke out, John tried to enlist in the AIF when he was in his mid 40's however he was rejected due to medical reasons. However, John persisted and was eventually enlisted on the 8th of May 1916 as a Private and sent to France for reinforcement for the 45th Battalion. The unit he was embarked from was Sydney, New South Wales, on board HMAT A18 Wiltshire on the 22nd of August 1916.

During the World War One, he became well known for his continuous daring and enthusiastic attacks. Hines was hated by the Germans, especially Kaiser as he placed a price on John's head "wanted dead or alive". John was extremely good at wrecking German pill boxes as it threatened Australian Troops by using his favourite weapons, grenades (mill bombs) or his Lee Enfield rifle.
Hines was also well reputed for looting all sorts of items from the dead or captured German soldiers. He had mastered the skill of stealing from the Germans that he became known as the "Souvenir King". Hines had stolen many types of items such as badges, watches, helmets, guns and jewellery while continuously carrying out marvellous attacks on the German Troops. It is suspected that John had killed more German Soldiers than any other person in the AIF.
On one occasion he had gotten a hold of a German pill box, and to get them to come out of hiding, he danced on the roof taunting them. When there was no response, Hines threw some grenades into the openings killing some German soldiers and forcing the others (approximately 63 German soldiers) outside. He collected his souvenirs and took the German soldiers to the Australian lines.

Hines was heavily injured when he was wounded at Passchendaele by an exploding shell causing him to be flung 20 yards away and killing every person that was part of the Lewis gun crew. The soles of John's boots had been ripped off from his boot by the explosion but had managed to crawl to back to safety and keep firing at the opponent until he had fainted from his wounds. After he had healed, John was soon back in action until he was injured again after being shot by a bullet above the eye and caught in a gas attack he was sent back to Australia.

When John had fully recovered from all the injuries, he had taken up several jobs such as droving, timber cutting and prospecting. He never got married or had any children. Private John Hines died on the 29th of January 1958 due to natural causes in Concord Repat Hospital in Sydney, New South Wales.
Bibliography:
Aif.adfa.edu.au. (2017). Details. [online]
https://www.aif.adfa.edu.au/showPerson?pid=138485

Annie, l. (2017). John 'Barney' Hines | Military History Forum. [online] Militarian.com.
http://www.militarian.com/threads/john-barney-hines.7221/

Australiansatwar.gov.au. (2017). Australians at War. [online]
 
Here is another "slightly" different biography of the "Wild Eye".

John “Barney” Hines was born John Heim (Johannes Heim) on 11th October 1878 in Liverpool, England. This date of birth is based on his baptism record from St Joseph’s RC church, Grosvenor Street Liverpool. His civil birth registration gives a later date that is untrustworthy as it appears an alternative date was submitted in order to avoid late registration of the birth. Another date, 12th October, was likely the date Hines thought he was born as it appears on his “Heim” Royal Navy record and his “Hines” New South Wales criminal record reference 14800. John Heim was the son of German immigrants, Jacob and Dora Heim, who settled in Liverpool in the 1860s. His father was one of the many Liverpool-Germans employed in Liverpool’s sugar refining industry. The family lived in the Scotland Road/Vauxhall Road area of Liverpool, a very industrial environment near to the north Liverpool docks. It was the part of Liverpool that was most heavily settled by the Liverpool-Irish in the 19th century.


Why don’t we already know this information? Firstly a lot of people with a German family background on the British Commonwealth side in the two world wars kept it quiet. There were incidents of mobs attacking German owned or German sounding businesses. Many Germans were interned. German loyalty to the cause was doubted despite the sons of German immigrants often being among the first to volunteer. Secondly contrary to popular belief Hines was not always a loner. He left a wife and two children behind in Liverpool. He was a seaman at the turn of the century and around 1903 or 1904 landed in New Zealand never to return to his former life. He was by all accounts a difficult man. His 1895 British Army record marks him as “non Effective” and his 1896 Royal Navy record shows that he was “Discharged as objectionable”.
Despite his rough edges and criminality, perhaps exacerbated by alcohol, he found himself to be most effective in combat, “a tower of Strength” to his fellow soldiers in the Australian 45th Batallion.
 

"Wild Eyes"
WAR CELEBRITY AT MT. DRUITT
Now residing at Mt. Druitt is John ("Barney ") Hines, who as a private of the 45th Battalion, sufficiently distinguished himself among his fellow Diggers as to be included in a series of articles published in "Reveille" some time ago.
An article by Q.S. Spedding is devoted to some impressions of this rugged soldier, from which we take the following:
The name.'' John Hines'' conveyed nothing to 99.9 per cent of the A.I.F. It was never blazoned across the pages of the Australian papers to enthuse the reading public. It did not creep into those mysterious lists that permitted metal oak leaves upon the watered splendour of the Victory ribbons. It is not found In those archives where are preserved the records of men
who won the coveted British decorations. It was ignored by those who lavished Crolx-de-Guerre and Serbian eagles upon the heroes who looked out upon Fritz a few yards distant—heard him wind his Swiss watch quiet frosty evenings, and gurgle from his field soda-water bottle and munch his blood and sawdust when the lull came on hot nights.
Yet "Barney," with his not over long-comparatively-front-line service fully earned his place under this special heading of "A.IF. Celebrities.''
Not that "Wild Eyes," as he came to be known among his intimates, and later to the pictorially interested of several Continents, was or is a celebrity in the real sense of the word. Not because he was a typical Digger. He wasn't. Not because of any particular achievement, but—because he was an outstanding character—the hard-bitten representative of just one of the many little groups of men who made the A.I.F. as a whole—the '' dags."
"He was a tower of strength to the 45th Battallion," according to Colonel A. S. Allen, D.S.O., Croix-de-Guerre, whom we have to thank for the basic facts of this article. And the Colonel adds, " .... while he was in the line.''
Out of the line he caused the officers many grey hairs. He was, in the words of another 45th officer, "Two pains in the neck."
But because of his good work in facing the enemy, Hines was given plenty of licence. And he took it.
In the stern stuff Hlnes was worth any two men. He was a bomber, and how he loved his Mills! It would not have been a war for'' Barney " if " Mr Mills" had not made popular his iron pineapple with the pin attachment.
Hines enlisted to Sydney in July, 1915, but was discharged as medically unfit during January, 1916. Re-enlisting in August, 1916, he was posted to reinforcements of the 45th and joined the Battalion at Le Barque on the old Somme battlefield on April 1—
just before Bullecourt.
He saw more hard fighting than the average Digger and was wounded at Messines on 7/6/'17, and at Villers Bretonneux on 3/7/'17, and unofficially at Zonnebeke and at Etaples in an air raid. He was invalided to Australia in October, 1918.
Hines first tasted war in the snow and the sunken road at Noreuil. Coal boxes were the order. ,"I stuffed two sandbags with Mills,'' "Barney" has related subsequently, "and I was set to move up." So to the railway line in front of Bullecourt. And every-
where that this big fellow went afterwards the bombs were sure to go.
The battalion was relieved on 13th April, but it was fitting that even is his first stunt, "Barney"'and three mates should lose touch. To use his own words, "We found ourselves in de Fitzy front line. "Barney" had some of his bombs left 'and the quartette worked back Into No Man's Land. At daylight they were chased into the 18th Battalion lines with "whizz bangs." "Barney,'' his bags ggain (sic) well weighted with bombs and eager for more, found the 45th at Bapaume.
First time out of the line at Hellencourt, Hines "souvenired"—it was his big weakness—a donkey and cart and was enjoying himself immensely cavorting on the roadway, when an officer of the 46th interferring (sic), made the donkey shy. '' Barney'' flew over the donk's head and dislocated his shoulder.
"Barney"' nurses real a grudge against the doctor who visited him in billets that evening.' "He said that as I did not belong to de Light Horse I would have to put up wid it," complains "Wild Eyes.'' "Barney's" worry then was that he might be able only to carry one bag of bombs.
And so to Neuve Eglise in preparation for Messines. In Armentieres "Barney"' "discovered" a keg of Bass beer which he started to roll battalionwards. An "Enzed'' M.P. intervened, but "Barney'' had a brotherly feeling to all kegs as he had to all bombs. He
sat down in the roadway with some uninvited guests and only a five-nine moved them on. But not before water bottles and tin hats had been filled to the brim.
In the dawn of the following morning Hines and his bombs, fresh as a lark, "hopped over" from Stinking Farm. "We got him out in de open and I think we could have gone to Germany," says "Barney."
Hines and 2nd/Lieut. Hopgood, separated from their fellows, were in the vicinity of Octagon Trench "when the officer was wounded in the arm. "Barney" then climbed on top of a pill-box offering resistance, and suddenly and unexpectedly, dropped
down right in front of the door to the amazement of the Germans. He '' sent in a few Mills'' to pacify them. "The rest,'' he says naively, "kameraded to me." "The rest" totalled 63.
The articles narrates various instances of daring; and gallantry by '"Barney." Then goes on:—In the Passchendaele fighting Hines did yeoman work. He was the only survivor of his Lewis gun team when his mates were all wiped out by a shell which had dropped right in their midst. That shell ripped the soles off Hines' boots and blew him about fifty yards up the hill. He went back and buried his '' best mate,'' Pte, Coleman, and the others salved the gun and carried on alone until hit with a piece of spent shrapnel, a splinter of which entered his knee.
A "Blighty" leave followed, and "Barney" turned up a week or so late. A new found "cobber" and a bottle of whisky at the port of embarkation had delayed him.
Then Villers Bretonneux. '' We had a good time," says our hero. "I found de brewery. Dere was champagne 1870 and herrings and tomatoes and sardines in galore. We had top hats and dress-suits and everting that was required to go to a dance. And then I got my issue of gas and one over de eye." - That wna almost the end for "Barney."
He did not want to leave the battalion. He never did when the M.G. 's were throbbing and the big stuff was being exchanged. But he went blind and was drafted back from dressing station to the back areas. The hospital train that carried him to Etaples was bombed en route. Fritz might have known!
Hines had been abed for three weeks when a German bombing squadron came over and "Barney" says he does not want to see such sights again. His hospital pillow was riddled with shrapnel and he got a piece in the heel. Fritz; must have known!
"Wild Eyes," despite his hurts, got out of bed and carried wounded nurses and doctors and patients to safety, all that night. A big hard-bitten yet kindly-natured and most likeable man with the scars of war on his face and his health weakened by the rigors of war.,"Barney" to-day is to be found in an old dilapidated shack at Mt.Druitt, living a lonely life and subsist ing on a war pension of 10/6 a week.

 
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