Operation Wigwam: May 14, 1955. What appears to be Cherokee-class fleet tug USS USS Tawasa (AT-92), centre, in front of the nuclear explosion of a Mark 90 "Betty" nuclear bomb that was located 2,000 feet deep. The white object in the foreground is most likely a SQUAW Submarine Target.
Tawasa was affected by radioactive contamination but was cleaned off and returned to service not being decommissioned and struck from the Navy list untill April Fool's Day 1975.
Video:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipe..._test.ogv/Operation_Wigwam_test.ogv.360p.webm
Tawasa towed a nuclear bomb used as a depth charge as it was detonated in
Operation Wigwam in 1955.
Wigwam involved a single test of the
Mark 90 Betty nuclear bomb, a
Cold War nuclear depth charge, developed by the United States in 1952. The test was conducted on May 14, 1955, about 500 miles (800 km) southwest of
San Diego,
California, with 6,800 personnel aboard 30 ships involved. The purpose of
Wigwam was to determine the vulnerability of submarines to deeply detonated nuclear weapons, and to evaluate the feasibility of using such weapons. The test device was suspended to a depth of 2,000 feet (610 m) by a cable attached to a
barge. A 6-mile (9.7 km) tow line connected the 205 ft.
Tawasa fleet tug with the shot barge itself. Suspended from the tow lines of other tugs were three miniature unmanned
submarines named "Squaws", each packed with cameras and telemetry instruments.
The time of detonation was 1300 hrs Pacific Time. The test was carried out without incident, and the device yielded 30
kilotons. Three personnel received doses of over 0.5 rem (5 mSv). Other sailors on
USS Cree (another
Cherokee-class fleet tug) were tasked with measuring radiation and said that the ocean water boiled and churned, and radiation meters went off the charts when they held them over the side. The sailors wore no protection, only their standard
cotton clothes. One sailor on the
Cree had three
cornea transplants without any official recognition by the U.S. government. The feeling on the feet of the sailors when it went off was like a sledge hammer hitting the deck of the ship.